Ministers Black Veil - Poverty in the Tale and in the Life of the Auth

The Ministers Black Veil Poverty in the Tale and in the Life of the write Henry Seidel Canby in A Skeptic Incompatible with His Time and His Past mentions of Hawthorne that human failures and their causes were more interesting to him than prophecies of achiever, one might truly say than success itself. He was not, I think, really interested in escape, except in moods of financial discouragement. . . . (57). Nathaniel Hawthornes The Ministers Black Veil embodies traits of the modest life style which the author had to subject himself to because of inadequate finances through most of his life. In addition to the monetary impoverishment there was an additional artistic impoverishment which sorely restricted the materials from which he could choose for his literary works. Hawthornes impoverishment probably began with the untimely death of his father, and continued until 1857. He had no money for a college education. Gloria C. Erlich in The Divided Artist and His Uncles states tha t Robert Manning made the essential decisions in the lives of the Hawthorne children and is well known as the uncle who sent Hawthorne to college (35). After graduation from Bowdoin College Hawthorne spent twelve years in his room at home in an intense effort to make something of himself literarily. The Norton Anthology American Literature states Hawthornes years between 1825 and 1837 have fascinated his biographers and critics. Hawthorne himself took song to propagate the notion that he had lived as a hermit who left his upstairs room only for nighttime walks and hardly communicated even with his mother and sisters (547). Sculley Bradley, capital of Virginia Croom Beatty and E. Hudson Long in The Soc... ..., 1996. Erlich, Gloria C. The Divided Artist and His Uncles. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html James, Henry. Hawthorne. http//eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A disposition of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Traditional Values :: Personal Narrative

Traditional ValuesTraditional values can sometimes sway us to do wrong things parallel to our own personalised beliefs. People, places, and things shape these values and cause us to surrender to situations that neither influence nor hold our interest. This is a scary concept What if one of these situations put our life or someone elses life in danger? This is a question that crossed my mind when I thought about conformity in my life. wizard memory in particular involves my football team.As did Langston Hughes in his experience with conformity, I too felt pressure from my peers to do something I didnt ask to do. During my sophomore year, my teammates wanted to take part in hazing a younger freshman football player. They asked me to help them take all of his equipment out of his locker, find him, and conquer him up. This went against my personal beliefs. In no way did I want to take part in something that had to do with the humiliation of another teammate. Also, when I was younger, I had to go through the same thing, and it hurt me deeply. Then and now, I looked at my own embarrassment as something I dont ever want to disclose someone else go through. Before I gave my answer to my teammates, other consequences rolled through my head hazing is illegal, and if convicted, the offender would be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. I was doing well two on and off the field, so why mess it up? So I devised a plan. I would agree to help my teammates, but I would too agree to help the young freshman find his equipment and help him elude a vicious beat-down.Well are you gonna help us or not? the quarterback of my team impatiently asked.Yeah sure I said, Just let me take care of everything cause I really dont like this kid.He looked at me and smiled. There you go, Taylor He turned to the posse of football players, We got a sophomore thats steppn upIt was like I killed two birds with one stone and saved both my butt and the kids in one throw.

Agriculture and Population Growth Essay -- Agricultural Economy Scienc

Agriculture and Population GrowthThe earth is increasing its population by 90 million people per year, and yet we still hand 5.9 cardinal people left to feed and to give shelter (Mitchell, 1998). Along with the increase in the population, there are also more people on ground who are living longer lives. The global population boom has coincided with the improvement of health, and of productivity, around the world. On average, the human population today lives longer, eats better, produces more, and consumes more than at any other time period in the past (Eberstadt, 1995). Agriculture feeds people, but will it be satisfactory to feed the expanding global population, especially with its exponential function increase? One way for the population of today and tomorrow to live in harmony in regards to nourishment provided by the environment is to be able to intensify agricultural yields. With a projected population of 10 billion people, an increase of global average shred yields from 2 to 5 tons of grain per hectare would ensure a per capita diet of 6,000 calories and would save a land area twice the size of Alaska (Waggoner, 1994). Most of the worlds increased output is no longer a result of expansion of area used in agriculture, but resulting from the intensification of production on existing agricultural areas. In the last 50 years, agriculture has intensified and yields per hectare have been rising. Intensification has allowed for a reversal of destruction of land. More land has been spared due to increased intensities. In India, 42 million hectares of land have been spared, approximately the size of California and globally, the world has saved an area the size of the Amazon (Ausubel, 1996). Of all human activities, agriculture transforms the... ... and supported in a sustainable manner, agricultural intensification might just be able to keep up with the demand. In the up-coming decades, we will soon find out. BibliographyAusubel, Jesse H. 1996. Can Technol ogy Spare the macrocosm? Scientific American 84 Pages 166-178. Brown, Lester R. 1997. Can We Raise Grain Yields Fast Enough? Worldwatch 10(4) Pages 9-17. Eberstadt, Nicholas. 1995. Population, Food, and Income Global Trends in the Twentieth Century. The True State of the World. Pages 7-48. Mitchell, Jennifer D. 1998. Before the conterminous Doubling. http//www.worldwatch.org/may/1998/98-1.html. March 1, 1998. Vitousek, Peter M. et al. 1997. Human Domination of Earths Ecosystems. Science. Vol. 277. Pages 494-499. Waggoner, Paul. 1994. How Much Land Can Ten Billion People Spare for spirit? Council for Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.

Natural Law :: essays research papers

Natural Law     The School of Natural Law ism was an intellectual group ofphilosophers. They developed new ways of thinking about religion and government.Natural law was based on moral principles, but the general outlook changed withthe times.     John Locke was a great philosopher from the middle of the 17th century.He was a primary contributor to the new ideas concerning natural law of thattime. He argued that gentleman in the state of nature are free and equal, yetinsecure in their freedom. When they enter society, they surrender only suchrights as are indispensable for their security and for the common good. He alsobelieved that each individual retains fundamental prerogatives drawn fromnatural law relating to the integrity of the person and property. This naturalrights theory was the basis of not only the American, but also the Frenchrevolution. 1 During his lifetime, he wrote many essays and letters to hiscolleagues on a variety of topics2 Letter on Toleration (1689) Second Letter on Toleration (1690) Two Treatises of Government (1690) Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) Some Considerations of the Consequences of Lowering of Interest,and Raising the Value of specie (1691) Third Letter on Toleration (1692) Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) Further Considerations Concerning Raising the Value of Money (1693) The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695) A Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity (1695) A Second Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity (1695) A Letter to the Bishop of Worcester (1697) Discourse on Miracles Fourth Letter for Toleration An Examination of Father Malebranches Opinion of Seeing all Thingsin God Remarks on Some of Mr Norriss Books Conduct of the Understanding     Lockes greatest philosophical contribution is his Essay ConcerningHuman Understanding. In the winter of 1670, five or six friends were talking inhis room, probably in London. The topic was the "principles of morality andrevealed religion," but arguments arose and no real progress or seriousdiscussion took place. Then, he goes on to say, "it came into my thoughts thatwe took a wrong course, and that before we set ourselves upon inquiries of thatnature, it was necessary to examine our own abilities, and see what objects ourunderstandings were, or were not, fitted to deal with." At the request of hisfriends, Locke agreed to release down his thoughts on this question at their nextmeeting, and he expected that a single sheet of paper would suffice for thepurpose. Little did he confirm the importance of the issue which he raised, andthat it would take up his free time for nearly twenty years.

Freedom Essay -- essays research papers fc

Freedom is defined as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action. In An Indians View of Indian Affairs, Chief Joseph petitions for freedom. Martin Luther major powers I Have a Dream speech is a call for freedom. The texts written by Chief Joseph and King share domainy similar philosophies because the situations face up by two cultures, which are embodied in the texts, are similar. Chief Joseph playacts a convention of Native Americans who are restricted to land that they do not covet. Euro-Americans use lies and armed forces to press the Native Americans off desired territories and onto wastelands. King represents African-Americans who were neglected the rights and prospect white people owned. Kings speech addresses the fact that African-Americans were held down with violence and segregation. Chief Josephs narrative focuses on the issue of broken promises by dominant Euro-Americans. In the end of these two proclamations, both the authors ask for the key to freedom, equality. Chief Josephs Narrative and Martin Luther Kings Speech share legion(predicate) ideals that all relate to the two cultures struggles for freedom, while the two contrast because these movements are not completely the same. The Constitution and Declaration of Independence represent apromise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happinessbut instead of reward this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check (King 917). King is saying that African-Americans have been let down by the foundations of our nation. passim Chief Josephs narrative are various accounts of broken promises by Euro-Americans. Chief Joseph concentrates mainly on General Miles promise because the freedom to live where unrival conduct wants is imperative to him. The two readings talk of the ideal that both of the cultures are constrained to their certain lands. This notion of being locked up was literal for Native Americans who were restrained to reservations and not allowed off without permission. Being locked up was a metaphor for African-Americans who were confined to certain areas due to discrimination and segregation. Frustration with the Euro-Americans attempt to satisfy the Native-Americans and African-Americans with simple answers is as well as apparent in the readings. Chief Joseph says, ... ...ency of the cries for equality in the readings shows the importance of being free to choose ones life. Discrimination brings the ideals of the readings together because discrimination led to comparable challenges faced by either of the authors cultures. The epidemic of broken promises by the white men is apparent in both readings. King does not falter by believing these promises, and he uses his increasing power to force the issues at hand. Chief Joseph did not comprehend the discrimination he faced at first, and he did not learn to demand his freedom u ntil he had lost all of his power. The bellow for equality by Kings let freedom ring segment is paralleled in Chief Josephs final paragraphs. Chief Joseph writes the answer both cultures are looking for when he states, Whenever the white man treats the Indian or African-American as they treat each other, then we will have no more wars (Chief Joseph 14). Works CitedKing, Martin. I Have a Dream. New Worlds of Literature. Eds. Jerome Beaty, and J.capital of Minnesota Hunter. New York Norton, 1994. 917-20.Joseph, Chief. An Indians View of Indian Affairs. Bel-Jean Packet. Athens Bel-Jean, 2005. 7-16.

Freedom Essay -- essays research papers fc

Freedom is defined as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action. In An Indians View of Indian Affairs, Chief Joseph petitions for freedom. Martin Luther tycoons I Have a Dream speech is a call for freedom. The texts written by Chief Joseph and King share art objecty similar philosophies because the situations go about by two cultures, which are embodied in the texts, are similar. Chief Joseph fight backs a congregation of Native Americans who are restricted to land that they do non covet. Euro-Americans use lies and armed forces to press the Native Americans off desired territories and onto wastelands. King represents African-Americans who were neglected the rights and fortune white people owned. Kings speech addresses the fact that African-Americans were held down with violence and segregation. Chief Josephs narrative focuses on the issue of broken promises by dominant Euro-Americans. In the end of these two proclamations, both the authors ask for the key to freedom, equality. Chief Josephs Narrative and Martin Luther Kings Speech share legion(predicate) ideals that all relate to the two cultures struggles for freedom, while the two contrast because these movements are not completely the same. The Constitution and Declaration of Independence represent apromise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happinessbut instead of honor this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check (King 917). King is saying that African-Americans have been let down by the foundations of our nation. end-to-end Chief Josephs narrative are various accounts of broken promises by Euro-Americans. Chief Joseph concentrates mainly on General Miles promise because the freedom to live where superstar wants is imperative to him. The two readings talk of the ideal that both of the cultures are constrained to their certain lands. This notion o f being locked up was literal for Native Americans who were restrained to reservations and not allowed off without permission. Being locked up was a metaphor for African-Americans who were confined to certain areas due to discrimination and segregation. Frustration with the Euro-Americans attempt to satisfy the Native-Americans and African-Americans with simple answers is besides apparent in the readings. Chief Joseph says, ... ...ency of the cries for equality in the readings shows the importance of being free to choose ones life. Discrimination brings the ideals of the readings together because discrimination guide to comparable challenges faced by either of the authors cultures. The epidemic of broken promises by the white men is apparent in both readings. King does not falter by believing these promises, and he uses his increasing power to force the issues at hand. Chief Joseph did not comprehend the discrimination he faced at first, and he did not learn to demand his freedom until he had lost all of his power. The bellow for equality by Kings permit freedom ring segment is paralleled in Chief Josephs final paragraphs. Chief Joseph writes the answer both cultures are looking for when he states, Whenever the white man treats the Indian or African-American as they treat each other, then we will have no more wars (Chief Joseph 14). Works CitedKing, Martin. I Have a Dream. New Worlds of Literature. Eds. Jerome Beaty, and J.capital of Minnesota Hunter. New York Norton, 1994. 917-20.Joseph, Chief. An Indians View of Indian Affairs. Bel-Jean Packet. Athens Bel-Jean, 2005. 7-16.

Causes and efects of Obesity Essay

fleshiness is a factor that increases risk developing a number of serious and potentially life threatening disease. At present, obesity grade are rising in several developed countries such as the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Hungary. Around a quarter of these countriess cosmos is overweight. This essay will look at some of the causes and effects of obesity.Firstly, thrust imbalance most often causes obesity. Energy imbalance is the excess of energy in over energy out. Energy in and energy out are the amount of calories the body obtains and uses, respectively. If the amount of energy in is greater than the amount of energy out, your body contains unnecessary calories. Unecessary calories is transformed into fat. The more fat you get, the more weight you gain. Overtime, obesity is inevitable.The other major cause of obesity is lack of physical activities. sufficiently practicing of physical activities is one of the best way help burn unnecessary calor ies. Therefore, lacking of volume of physical activities leads to extra calories retained. As a result, obesity happens. For intances, many an(prenominal) people hace jobs that involve too much desk sittng and no physical activities. They do not use all the energy provided by foods they eat, and the extra calories are stored as fat instead, which causes obesity.Obesity is a risk factor for many dangerous disease. However, there are two most fatal effects of obesity.Firstly, obesity has been cognize as the main factor of uplifted blood embrace. High blood pressure is literally the pressure on blood vessels caused by high workload of heart. The obese body contains fat tissue that needs oxygen and nutrients to live, which requires more blood. Therefore, the heart must pumps more blood through blood vessels, and vessels indure high pressure of blood. This causes high blood pressure.The other consequence of obesity is type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is medical condition which makes blood s ugar level higher than normal. This is theresult of insulin resitance. Obesity can cause resistance to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. When obesity causes insulin resistance, the blood sugar becomes eveluated. Even moderate obesity dramatically increases the risk of diabetes, such as blindness.To summarise, obesity derives from two major causes which are energy imbalance and lack of physical activities. Its effects are numberous but the most critical ones are high blood pressure and diabetes. People who are struggling with obesity should start to do more physical activities and have a balance diet in their daily life, so that they can lose weight and avoid obesity.

Quantum Software Case Study Essay

Quantum Software is a fairly new organization No ties, no suits coats, first piddle only that was founded by Stan Albright and Erin Barber. The keep company develops computer software specifically oriented to the needs of independent oil businesses. Theyve had a lot of success over the knightly 3years and are growing fairly fast. Quantum has gained over 200 employees and has made about 95 million dollars in sales. Currently, Employees at Quantum Software work 16 minute of arc geezerhood 6 days a week.In order to keep the more(prenominal)l and sprit up, Quantum recognizes that their employees have been working extra hard and they want to compensate them by having a weekly Beer Bust party. metre Carter, the corporate attorney, doesnt agree with the beer displume idea. Instead he believes that do alcohol at a companys sponsor party can be a big liability to Quantum. A beer bust sounds fun and relaxing. However Bill Carter makes a good point, serving alcohol at a companys sponso r party can be a huge liability on the companys future.Recently an employee by the name of fundament Hooker lost his balance and fell on the snack table during one of the beer bust events. Luckily John didnt get hurt. When having these types of events the company cannot guarantee that a person like John will not over drink and possibly drive dwelling house drunk and cause a serious accident. These are all things that Quantum needs to take into consideration. Accidents happen all the time and Quantum needs be aware that these beer bust can be a great liability to the company. I can understand that Quantum wants to reward their employees for their hard work.Working long days 6 days a week can get over whelming. What Quantum needs to do is analyze the situation. The company is growing really fast and they need more people. Hiring more programmers can help balance their work load making 8 hour days 5 days a week possible. I tiret think that having a weekly beer bust is a permanent so lution. It is obvious that employees at Quantum like to be recognized for their accomplishments and hard work nevertheless in the beginning of the case study is it mention the most of the employees drop in to unwind to these beer bust events.Most, meaning that not everyone who works at Quantum shows up or participates in these beer bust parties. What I would recommend quantum to do at this point is to pass out an employee surveys and ask their employees what they want or prefer. Some employees mogul not like the type of environment and rather spend their free time doing something else. Others might like the idea of working fewer hours and having weekends off as a reward.An employee survey can actually help the company out by providing feedback and letting the company know what they like and dislike. The beer bust events have been freeing on for a while and have constitute a sort of a companys tradition. Im not saying to sink the whole beer bust events. The beer bust parties ca n be a great way to socialize, relax and unwind. Having social events like these can help co workers become closer and share ideas and knowledge which can be beneficial to the company.If Quantum decides to continued the beer bust parties, what needs to be done is that they need to need to get with Bill carter, the corporate attorney and come up ways to handle a situation if it occurs. Limiting the number of beers a person can have at each event can help by not over drinking or by providing some sort of transportation such as bus or taxi to take employees back home after a beer bust event. These are rules that can be implemented by the company in order to not only save Quantum from a future law suit but also to save a life.The fact that both Eric and Stan are not really listening to Bills concerns can and will affect the companys future. Bill is the corporate attorney and he knows the law. I would recommend bill to talk to both Eric and Stan another day. Eric and Stan are in a relax mode at this point probably had a few drinks or two and might not think that what Bill has to say is quite as important as it really is. Scheduling a meeting with both Eric and Stan and going over what can happen if they dont start implanting rules.

Computers in Sports Essay

Computers in Games and Sports Practically everybody has played sports video games on a computer. Its fun to pick a team and see how well you cease play against a virtual rival. However, the uses for computers in various games and sports go far beyond video games. If you ask a cricket bowler how he throws a ball, he may not be able to tell you. He may say its safe instinct. Its something that comes naturally to him. The fact is that there be right smarts to help bowlers become better bowlers and batsmen become better hitters.And computers are important in do this happen. Cricket impostors from the major leagues down to city and school teams cigaret now have their batting and pitching analyzed. First, the players movements are videotaped. Then, these videotaped images are transferred into a computer. Special application software analyzes the images. It measures the exact angle at which the player is holding his arms and legs. The speed and efficiency of each body movement is me asured. This fulfill is called motion analysis. One pitch can be compared with another.This can be useful because the bowler can see how changes in movement affect the offspring (such as how fast a ball travels). just about systems can even measure pitching and hitting motions during an actual game. This allows coaches to give immediate feedback to players. These computer applications too can be used to compare the movements of two different players. These comparisons, for example, can help explain why different players tend to hit the ball in different directions. There are also computer applications that help coaches keep track of exactly where each ball crosses the pitch.A radar gun can be attached to the computer to measure a pitchs speed. This information is stored in the computer so that the bowler and coach can playing field it later. While motion analysis applications are important tools, it still takes a good coach to know how to interpret the results. The coach must l ook at the information the application provides and consequently use it to help the player improve. Everybody knows how important statistics (or stats) are in sports. How many games has your favourite batsman played this year? Which player on the Kolkata Knight Riders has the best batting average?The quantity of statistics used in sports is enormous. Without computers, it would be very difficult to keep these statistics up-to-date. Not only are there team statistics, but there are also statistics on each individual player. For example, statistics on an individual cricket player might allow times at bat, batting average, and number of runs scored b him. Spreadsheet applications are often used to keep track of statistics. Spreadsheet applications are computer programs that can store and fake numbers. For example, they can find the average of a list of twenty numbers.Even small league teams often use spreadsheet applications to keep track of player statistics. loss to a cricket sta dium is almost like going to the circus. There are hotdogs, popcorn, and a scoreboard complete with a gigantic TV-like test. Stadiums, such as the heaven Gardens Kolkata, have very complex scoreboards. The new scoreboard is 56 feet tall and 180 feet wide. It includes a colossus screen to add to the excitement. The best-known type of giant screen is the Sony Jumbotron. The pictures on these screens move from the players to the crowd.They show cartoons of the teams mascot. They may display the words to Time Is Up so that everybody can join in the singing. These scoreboards and giant screens are controlled by an entire group of computers. Each computer supplies the scoreboard with different information. One computer might keep track of statistics on particular players, era another might contain commercial advertisements. These giant screens can even be used for educational purposes. In 2000, the University of Tennessees athletics and physics departments conjugate together to creat e a group of 60-second videos.These videos were shown on the schools Jumbotron during home games. The purpose of the videos was to teach fans about the science of football. This was a fun way to join together sports and education. Athletes who depend on speed to win will stop at nothing to reduce their times. Some prodigious swimmers wear full-body skinsuits so they can glide through the weewee more easily. So, it shouldnt be a surprise to hear that they use computer applications to improve their speeds. At the U. S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado, coaches use a computer application to develop perfect swimming disasters.This simulation software attempts to copy the way water flows around parts of the swimmers body, such as the arms and hands. The swimmers goal is to move through the water as swimmingly as possible. Water turbulence can slow a swimmer down. The application allows the user to change the positions of the swimmers hands and arms. The user can then see how these changes affect the amount of water turbulence. This information is used to design the best swimming stroke. Coaches can then teach swimmers to use this stroke to obtain their greatest speed. Simulation software has also been used to design racing yachts.It can help in determining how to shape the yachts hull so that it moves through the water with the least amount of resistance. Computers have many other uses at the Olympics. At the 2010 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, petite computer chips were used to track skiers. A chip was strapped to each skiers ankle. Electronic devices were buried in the snow along the track. When a skier passed over one(a) of the devices, his or his chip sent information to the device. This information included the skiers location, speed, and number. This information was sent to a central computer. Judges and other Olympic officials could then look at it.Do you want to know if the Kolkata Knight Riders have a home game on July 14? Or who the Sri Lan ka is playing attached Wednesday? Just go to their Web site. Professional, college, and even some high school sports teams have their own WEB SITES. The information available on sports teams Web sites is amazing. Some of it includes Schedules. Game dates and locations are available. Statistics. Up-to-the-minute information on teams and individual players is ready whenever you want it. Team News. Web sites contain coach and player interviews, information on injuries, and so forth.

Cause-Effect Essay* Causes of Divorce

You know that divorce is more common nowdays, but do you know the suffers? gibe to the statistics offered by INEGI in a survey practiced in 2005, 70% of the couples who get married take the decision of getting divorce. There are umteen reasons why they make yhis decision, but there are three main causes which are lack of communication, monetary issues, and abuse. Lack of communication is one of the main causes of divorce.A marriege is on the rocks when the lines of communication fail. You cannot have an ineffective realtionship if either one of you does not discuss about his/her feelings, cannot talk about his/her mutual or personal issues, and expects his/her partner to sham what the whole problem is about. Another cause of divorce are financial issues. Money or aspects related to ot are of course a possible cause of disagreement between couples.Married couples could squabble over such issues as shared financial responsibility, unequal financial status, undisclosed financial st ate, over spending, and lack of financial support. The last cause of divorce are the ways of abuse. This does not just include intentional and habitual phusycal abuse. It may also come in the clay of sexual abuse and emmotional abuse. One partner may actively seeks to degrade his/her partner through harsh language.Drug and alcohol make the person so lashing in addition, there may be no physical or verbal abuse, but the other partner would understandibly have a difficult cadence managing finances and daily life with an addicted spouse. Now we know that lack of communication, financial problems, and violence are the main causes why people get divorce. may be you should considet living in free union for a short time before you get married, by doing this, you can meet your partner well. It is not the best option, but if you are really in love, you can get married without any problem.

Heroin and Pretty Good Book

Jude by Kate Morgenroth is a story or so a fifteen year hoary named Jude. Its a pretty good leger about a kid who struggles in a drug and murder world. Judes mammary gland abandoned him when he was young. His dad was drug use uper that mainly deal with heroin. Sadly his dad was murdered and he was a witness. He cant go to the police or his life will be in danger. This is the story of a fifteen year old named Jude.When his dad dies of an overdose he is alone. Till his mom with open arms lets him in her life. The fact that his mom has a boyfriend didnt make his stay easier. On top of that he is a police officer named plague. Harry is a good guy but a stereotype towards Jude cause of his history with his dad. His mom thinks it would be best if he went to a private school. Jude didnt like it and didnt suffer many friends. One day a classmate dies of a overdose and Jude is the first person everyone looks at. Cause of his history with his dad he is held for trial for murder.Jude has a court date for his murder trial. Though innocent, he has no evidence to prove otherwise. His mom is worried and Harries trying to get the evidence to prove him non guilty. Jude is pretty much in his own world. This fifteen year old boy with a worried mother and died dad. All he can do is blame his dad for this horrible history he is left with. Then his moms boyfriend goes to his room to give him the news. He tries to explain the unfit scheme he has came up with. Jude thought it was either the plan or jail so he decides to go through with it.The plan that Harry came up with was risky but it was all they got. He explains how he has to get his friend Anna elected for an anti-drug campaign that would clear his name and his history. He got news that he was personnel casualty to be tried as an adult for his trail. It worried him that if the plan doesnt work he could do up to 5 years. So he helps Harry on his plan to prove his innocents. It worked, he got Anna elected for the anti-dr ug campaign. When trail was up the biggest twist I have ever read. Harry double crossed him and got him move to 5 years of hard labor. The plan was for finical gain towards the campaign and getting Jude out of the way.This story about a fifteen year old boy named Jude. About his drug, murder, and jail filled life. His life started with a dead drug dad and a mom that didnt even want him. today he is jail doing 5 years cause of his mothers boyfriend. This is a story of a boy and his messed up world. This is probably the best book if u likes twist and action. I recommend this book to older teens like 15+ but a really good book.

Ethical Issues In The Federal Government’s Department Of Defense Essay

If there could be any occasion in the Ameri mess government that the world has tenacious been admiring, it would always be its military strength. Besides its technology, high product standards, its bullion, transportation and educational facilities, the world has been looking up at America because of its excellence in the field war and battle. It would seem for the rest of the world that Uncle Sams haven offers a smooth-sailing life that people of different colors race and arrive at to come over.The big question to dig into is this Is America free of corruption and debauch? The answer to the question is a big no. In this musical composition, we leave behind try to look into the ethical standards of the Federal Government for the purpose of having a benchmark in our evaluation of the ethical deviations inside the organization. Specifically, we will try to valuate how the Department of Defense go through the process of procurement and will try to pinpoint where the flaw in such process is, resulting to fraud and abuse. This paper has included actual romance cases where the Department of Defense was involved.Through these processes, we will be able to prove that no matter how regent(postnominal) the policies and laws of the Federal Government, the powerful America cannot control its entire people and keep back them from overriding personal interests and human race assertion. At the end of this paper, the author hopes to have the readers convinced that Federal laws and policies tacit have flaws and that should be taken into consideration the sovirtuosost possible in order for the American nation and the rest of the world restore its fading desire and confidence over the people behind their security.President George Bush during his term, probably ensuring the public of their trust towards the government, issued a separate order that would serve as rule of thumb for strict compliance of all personnel directly serving the public. Executive Order 12731 o f October 17, 1990, entitled Principles of Ethical Conduct for Government Officers and Employees orders each government employee to avoid, pr hithertot and help detect fraud and adhere to ethical standards at all times and situations.The starting line section of the EO12731 provides catchy ethical principles which prevent each employee to shield financial interests that conflict with the conscientious per orchestrateance of duty and engage in financial transactions using non-public government information or allow the wrong use of such information to further any private interest (section 101-b and c). Subsections of the order also require each employee to act will full verity in their duties and most importantly they ar not allowed to use public office for private gain.The Federal Government, based on its laws and policies, has been straightforward and clear as to guiding its public servants to the proper, ethical behavior they should display all the time. So why are there nonop erational countless cases and accusations that have been polluting the air of the public servants? What is more frustrating to know is the circumstance that even in the Department of Defense, many employees and management personnel has been proven to be contributing to such corruption.The fact of unethical behavior existing in the Federal government is not just an outside observation but is also being recognized by those working inside the organization. In a press release issued by the Ethics Resource Center, it turned out that 52% of the Federal employees are cognizant and are witnesses of at least one type of misbehavior among their colleagues in the previous year. What is more is that only 30% of federal workers surveyed believe their organizations have well-implemented morality and compliance programs and that only one in 10 tell there is a strong ethical culture in their federal workplace (ERC 2008). roughly one quarter of public sector employees identifies their work environ ments as conducive to misconduct places where there is strong pressure to compromise standards, where situations invite wrongdoing and/or employees personal values conflict with the values espoused at work (Harned, Patricia cited in Smith, Ralph 2008). In reference to the reports mentioned above, this paper made an impression that there might be something inside the Federal government that attracts employees to disregard ethical considerations and to prefer personal interests over public trust.One thing obvious thing is funds. The Federal government, even though have limited financial resources, has probably been the most liquid source of kickbacks for the bad apples in the barrel. It is worth noting that the U. S. government is the largest consumer of prime contracts (Lander, Gerald et. al. 2008). Using this unadulterated information, we can cl betimes conclude that there is enough cash for the bad apples on hand. Moreover, it would be very easy for us to extract the fact that the money is more attracting for those inside the procurement parts.As to federal spending, reports say that procurement contracts have been the fastest-growing part of the discretionary budget. In fact, procurement spending rose 86%, twice as fast as opposite discretionary spending, which rose 43% between 2000 and 2005. Moreover, such spending composed of 40 cents per dollar of discretionary spending (Ibid). The figures are quite more than attractive and conducive for the bad apples to abuse the trust and authorities vested on them by the public. Despite the fact that trust is held as the most important asset of the government, there is one thing that even the most powerful government cannot control greed.It is a human subdivision that the procurement agencies of the government intentionally or unintentionally tolerate. The uncontrollable fact of human greed is even recognized by the Department of Defense. As the spokesman of the Pentagon, Dan Howard has noted, The science sy stem is sound but there is no system on the face of this earth that comp permitely obviates the human actor greed. And that is why we have policing systems (The unseasoned York Times, June 26, 1988). The trust placed by the public over the Department of Defense continue to fade as more and more cases of fraud files in court have resulted to countless convictions.In Philadelphia alone, the investigation conducted at the Defense Personnel Support Center, resulted in the indictment of 28 individuals and companies on various fraud charges. often(prenominal) procurement transactions involved textile and apparel industry which have government contracts on uniforms, tents, boots for the armed forces. Here then is the chance for us to film these questions What is the purpose of having ethical standards in the federal government? Are these statements of ethical behaviors for the sake of complying with the SEC requirements?Are the ethical standards unsound or the problem of abuse of pow er and ethical deviance matters of implementation flaws? Referring particularly to the Department of Defense, it is unlikely that these educated people came short of understanding the ethical ideas. In fact, the departments publication, Armed Forces Comptroller, the author recognizes the fact that their personnel understand the concept of ethics. The author even stressed that most of them are required to attend some form of mandatory ethics training (Benoit, Diana 2006).The Department of Defense has in fact sound which they consider as forming the ethical foundation of the Dept of Defense personnel. For the purpose of evaluation, let us try to look into these then core concepts. The author stressed that these core concepts reflect the standards and expectations of military personnel and federal employees throughout the organization (Ibid). The first of the ethical concepts is honesty which they define as being truthful and straightforward, regardless of grade or rank.Honesty is reg arded by the department as an ethical concept that goes beyond being trustworthy that it encourages its employees to do not only what is legal but also what is right. Relative to this, abuse of power and betrayal of trust still include acts or attempts of hiding the truth. If the Department of Defense personnel cl earlyish understand this concept, there should have been no reason to remain silent on issues that involves witnessing ethical deviance inside the organization. The ethical concept of honesty goes beyond the issues of actual money laundering.It encompasses keeping accurate phonograph recordings and completing tasks to the extent of ones capacity and ability. This means that coming to the office late, going out early taking breaks more than the allowable time are forms of cheating and thus are unethical behaviors. Cheating the taxpayers could also mean using office supplies for personal activities or lavish consumption of such resources. What is frustrating is that this co ncept is being handle by high ranking employees of the department at a considerably higher level of deception as mentioned above.Simple cheating in record keeping and of utilizing government resources for personal use can be detected and be prevented at the lower level of organization. However, it would be a different thing to know that cheating is even more practiced at the higher level of management who are expected to be the police in the department. In fact, the report released by the U. S. Department of Justice (DOJ) during the fiscal year ending September 30, 2005, the United States recouped more than $1. billion dollars in settlements and judgments pursuing allegations of fraud and in the next fiscal year, the government recovered a record total of more than $3. 1 billion in settlements and judgments from cases involving claims of fraud (Lander et. al 2008).Closely tie in to the ethics of honesty is the concept of integrity which the DOD defines as doing the right thing the first time and every time. In an observation by one of the members of the Special Investigations Unit of the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension in St. Paul, Special Agent Timothy J. OMalley recognizes the temptations of fraud in their field.OMalley said police officers face greater temptations than they did just a decade or so ago (Bladow, J. 1994). As an agent, he can pinpoint the fact that the department handles explosives and illegal drug cases which obviously involve a vast sum of money. Taking OMalleys exact words, a tremendous amount of outlaw(a) cash fuels this market. Here then lies one uncontrollable factor that we can consider. Money is the central thing that enables the government to run. It is money that is the main reason why people oftentimes compromise integrity and principles with dollars.Money enables the government to provide services to public. Employees have to be paid with salaries, supplies have to be bought, buildings have to be constructed, communic ation and transportation facilities have to be purchased and improved. In fact, America will never be the most powerful nation in the world without its money spent in technology, education and basic government facilities. Moreover, America cannot in anyway be respected or shall we say be feared by other nations if not for its military strength. It is a rare instance that this nation is being challenged by the terrorists during the 911 event.What this paper would like to point out is that even though money is an uncontrollable element in the federal government and particularly in the procurement self-assurance of the department of Defense, transaction processes involving money are very much controllable. In fact, the DOD has sound policies and uses expressed in the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) and Procedures, Guidance, and Information (PGI). In brief, these regulations and guidelines were codified and implemented for procedure compliance purposes especi ally on procurement transactions undergone by the department.In its Section 201. 304, FAR requires the approval of the USD (AT&L) before including in a department/agency or component supplement, or any other contracting regulation document such as a policy letter or article book, any policy, procedure, clause, or form that has a significant effect beyond the internal operating procedures of the agency or has a significant cost or administrative impact on contractors or offerors (Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) and Procedures, Guidance, and Information (PGI) 2004).Where then lays the procedure flaw- on the approving committee or on those who presents the facts of the procurement contracts? The answer does not solely lies on these precepts. The factors that corrupt integrity in the Department of Defense can be traced in the early stage of the hiring process. The applicant selection process represents a critical, though sometimes overlooked, component of polic e ethics programs (Bonczek, S. and D. Menzel 1994). The authors suggest that the agency should thoroughly conduct interviews, psychological tests, and extensive background checks (Ibid, p. 4).This would then ensure an applicants compatibility with the departments ethical philosophy. This process can be beneficial in the early identification of red flags in an applicants personality before he gets into the department. Even if not all of the factors contributing to the unethical behavior of an employee can be detected at this stage, there are considerable preventive measures that are being done here that can prevent a filthy tomato mingle with the good ones inside the basket.The riskier the world becomes, the higher the standards should the department implement in order to maintain, if not to enhance the integrity of the defenders of the American security. As one observer have noted, it is important that high standards in the hiring process be maintained at all times because of the f act that diminished standards or incomplete background checks have resulted in the hiring of armed robbers, burglars, and drug dealers as police officers (D. Holmquist 1993, p. 38). We have to remember that temptations are everywhere and that is one uncontrollable factor inside the department of defense. Because DOD has got much money to offer especially in the procurement transactions, it clearly caters to a tempting environment. However it cannot really be an excuse neither it will justify ones act of corruption. Deviance to ethical standards is a clear betrayal of trust and a distinguish in the name of the person, if he even cares enough for it.A recent study established that fast-talking, outgoing, assertive, and self-confident risk takers represent the best candidates for undercover work. bandage this may come as no surprise, the study also concluded that these personality traits are often the same ones predisposing an officer to corruption and psychological excruciation (Bl adow, p. 12). This suggests that a good apple in the barrel has always the chance of being badly influenced by others.Strict hiring standards are therefore required to be implemented during the hiring process at all levels. Police managers must view their hiring standards as components of managing for ethics (Wells, S. A. 1993, p. 67). Strict adherence to employee selection is a must although mixture in the law enforcement departments must also be considered in order to foster diverse citizenry. Agencies should not pursue the goal of a diversified men at the expense of one of law enforcements most valued asset- integrity (Travis, M. A. 1994, p. 1717).

Effect of Music on Memory Retrieval

EFFECT OF MUSIC ON repositing RETRIEVAL thesis STATEMENT INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. DEFINITION OF TERMS A. DICTIONARY DEFINITION B. OPERATIONAL DEFINITON II. WHAT IS MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL. common chord. HOW CAN MUSIC AFFECT YOUR flavor A. THEORIES OF FORGETTING B. MEMORY AND RELATED FINDINGS C. MUSIC AND RELATED STUDIES IV. HISTORY OF MUSIC V . ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE VI. EFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL IN YOUR LIFE CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY ALIBASHER ABUBACAR IV-C MSU-ILS JANUARY 3, 2011 EFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL Culture, past and present, varying wildly betwixt quantifys and confides ENGLISH IV MS. SALMA M. MACARAMBONDedication To Her who is able to hold open me from f anying and to present me in the lead her glorious presence with extinct fault and with great joy, to the only God our savior be glory, majesty, power, and authority through to almighty ALLAH our god, before all ages, now and forever. To my m different who loves me incessantly and keeping me safe and to my father who supports me in doing this and to my sister and brothers who advice me always Acknowledgement I usually and gratefully acknowlegdes the invaluable assistance rendered by the following persons who in one way or another tremendously helped in the succesful completion of the term paperMrs. Salma M. Macarambon, teacher/advisor for her constructive pieces of advice, generous sharing of knowledge, her willingness, patience and wisdom in her teaching To my friends BATMAN for their suggestion and vital assistance in conducting look for and for being available on times of trials and computer services To my family for their full supports on me in my piece of work and who are always concerned And above all, to the ALMIGHTY ALLAH who deserves all the glory, praises and thanksgiving. Introduction In the early to mid 20th Century, exploreers began to extensively study remembering.Since then, there have been tremendous advances in the knowledge of how the mind proces ses info. The brain is composed of a very(prenominal) complex outline of neural networks that transfers knowledge from one section to another. The study of these networks is an ongoing process, because there is still much to learn. From this research, many factors have been implant that search to affect memory. Included in these factors are assistance, stress, emotion, euphony, and aging. This experiment will concentrate on how the factor of euphony effects memory.The memory is a mental system that receives, stores, organizes, alters and recovers information from sensory input. Sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory are the three basic personas. Information first enters sensory memory, which holds an exact counterp artwork of the data for a few seconds. Short-term memory is the next step, and it holds small quantities of information for a brief period longer than sensory memory. Selective attention is utilized at this time to regulate what information is t ransferred to short-term memory. Unimportant information is removed permanently (Coon, 1997).Another name for short-term memory is functional memory, which describes the stand foring and problem solving aspects. Short-term memory, according to psychologist George Miller, stomach hold a magic number of seven (plus or minus two) bits of information. Bits are units of information such as numbers, phrases or words. Information is held in short-term memory by two types of rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal refers to silently repeating or mentally reviewing information. Elaborative rehearsal connects the new information with existing information (Coon, 1997). Many areas of the brain are used to process information.However, the hippocampus is the section that transfers information into long-term memory. This type of memory contains all of the presorted important information in a relatively permanent and limitless storage. Long-term memory also organizes information for easy convalescence (Coon, 1997). melody has an amazing power to influence mans emotions and behavior. It has been found to affect and stimulate many different parts of the brain and body. Psychological study of medicine is establish on this reason. Studies have found that euphony can reduce stress, aid relaxation, alleviate depression, and help store and reckon information among other functions.William Congreve once stated that medicament has the charms to soothe the savage beast. Stress is reduced through practice of medicine by decreasing the amount of the hormone cortisone released in the body. This can be applied to everyday life for stress relief (Music and Stress, 1998). Music therapy is a new intervention that uses practice of medicine and musical activities for the purposes of repair behavior and enhancing the everyday existence of nation with various types of emotional disturbance. People have been using forms of music therapy since the earliest recorded history. Egyptian priests m outh incantations that supposedly influenced womens fertility.Hebrews and Greeks treated physical and mental illness with the playing of music. Zenocrates, Sarpander, and Arien, all of whom were Greeks, were the first to use music therapy as a regular practice. They busy harp music to ease the outbursts of people with mental illnesses (Shapiro, 1969). Nursing homes often hire music therapists. People are likely to feel depressed and grief-stricken when moved away from their homes and families into a facility for strangers to take care of them. Music therapy helps to relieve grief and improve emotional tones and feelings (Shapiro, 1969).Therapists can also help residents that spite from Alzheimers and dementia, because studies have found that music can improve their memory. This improvement is partly due to the effect music has on increasing the release of real hormones in the body (Music and Stress, 1998). Carruth (1997) conducted an experiment to find out if music would improve the face-name recognition of nursing home residents with Alzheimers. in that location was a music condition and a no music condition. During the music condition, a therapist sang and played a guitar to a familiar song. The subjects were allowed to join the therapist in singing.Afterwards, the subjects were given a face-name recognition test. The no music condition received the test in the same manner, except for the singing. Four of the seven participants had a higher mean percent of correct responses during the music condition that during the no music condition. A study conducted at the University of California, Irvine, showed that scores on memory tests of people with Alzheimers greatly amend when they listened to Mozart. They recalled shapes and patterns better, for example, than when they were not listening to Mozart (Music Therapy, 2001).At a British Psychological Society Conference in December of 2000, Elizabeth Valentine reported that music promotes memory better than al l silence or background noise. Valentine and her colleague selected 23 subjects with dementia to be tested for recall after being exposed to intravenous feeding different types of noise. The four types were no noise, cafeteria noise, familiar music, and novel music. Recall was better with sound than with silence and better with music than with cafeteria noise (Larkin, 2001). As shown, many studies have found that music aids the storage and recall of information in the human memory.Based on the previous information, the following experiment will examine how music affects the recall of information from the short-term memory of college students. Chapter I interpretation of Terms Learning acquisition of any relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience. The act of memorizing the 20 convocations of 3-digit random numbers. Memory Retrieval the act of locating information in memory for use. It is thrifty by the complete sequential 20 groups of 3 digi t random numbers correctly recalled. Independent Variable intstrumental music being played piece of music memorizing is done by the experimental group.Dependent Variable the number of groups of 3 digit random numbers recalled in the sequence during the retrieval process. Extraneous Variables anything that operates in the experimental situation in addition to the self-employed person variable. In this case were the noise brought about by teachers students coming in and out the experimental room, voices of people talking, and the noise inside the C. R. Music soft instrumental music played by Kenny G in a saxophone where the stride is slow, entitled, Silhouette, Uncle Al, Going Home, Songbird and Ill Never Leave You. Intensity volume is set at 3 on the volume scale. A.Dictionary Definition Webster dictionary defines music as the art or science of harmony of melody, musical score or composition. To make it clear, it is the art of organizing tones into meaningful patterns of so unds Bagar and Biancolli, 1974. Appreciation whitethorn then be possible which refers to the force in music which seeks to arouse in the person a love and even evoke musicality (Mursell, 1938) B. operating(a) Definition Musicis found in every known culture, past and present, varying wildly surrounded by times and places. Around 50,000 years ago, early new-fangled humans began to disperse from Africa, reaching all the habitable continents.Since all people of the world, including the most isolated tribal groups, have a form of music, it whitethorn be concluded that music is likely to have been present in the ancestral population prior to the dispersal of humans around the world. Consequently music may have been in existence for at least 50,000 years and the first music may have been invented in Africa and then evolved to become a complete constituent of human life. A cultures music is influenced by all other aspects of that culture, including social and economic organization and e xperience, climate, and ccess to technology. The emotions and ideas that music expresses, the situations in which music is played and listened to, and the attitudes toward music players and composers all vary between regions and periods. Music history is the distinct subfield ofmusicologyand history which studies music particularlyWestern art music from a chronological perspective. Chapter II What is music on memory retrieval? Musical memoryrefers to the ability to remember music-related information, such as melodic content and other progressions of tones or pitches.The differences found between linguistic memory and musical memory have led researchers to theorize that musical memory is encoded differently from language and may constitute an independent part of thephonological loop. The use of this term is problematic, however, since it implies input from a verbal system, whereas music is in principle nonverbal. The purpose of this experiment was to see if perusing or testing with music affected scores on a memory test. There were four groups in this study. One group had music while studying and testing.Another had music while studying and no music while testing. The third group had no music while studying barely music while testing, and the fourth group had no music during both. Each group consisted of approximately 30 freshman or sophomore level psychology students. The students were all given a memory test, which consisted of a list of 15 words and studied it for two minutes. The groups that had music while studying listened to the song Sad eye by Enrique Iglesias. After the two minutes were up, the word lists were collected. At the end of the class period, the test was administered.The group that tested with music listened to Sad Eyes. A between subjects factorial ANOVA was calculated comparing the memory test scores for subjects who had music during recall or studying. No significant results were found. Several factors, such as the type of test given a nd the music type, may have contri entirelyed to these insignificant results. What is Music? Solving a Scientific Mystery is a book by Philip Dorrell which explains a new scientific theory about music the super-stimulus theory. The main idea of the theory is that music is a super-stimulus for the perception of musicality, where musicality is actually a perceived property of destination. Musicality refers to the property of music that determines how good it is, how strong an emotional effect it has, and how much we enjoy listening to it. The theory implies that ordinary speech also has this property, in a manner which may vary as a person speaks. The musicality of speech is much more subtle than that of music, but it provides important information which the listeners brain processes without conscious awareness of the processing, in order to derive close to information about the internal mental state of the speaker.This information is applied to modulate the listeners emotional res ponse to speech, and this accounts for the emotional effect of music. What distinguishes the super-stimulus theory from all other serious attempts to explain music scientifically is that it starts from a fair assumption that music perception must be an information processing function, and this assumption results in quite specific explanations of how major aspects of music such as scales, regular beat and harmony are processed in the brain.It is the first theory to explain the perception of musical scales without a priori assuming the existence of musical scales. The theory has to do this, because it is a theory of music perception as an aspect of speech perception, and musical scales do not occur in expression speech. Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch which governs melody and harmony, rhythm and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation, dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.The word derives from Gr eek mousike art of the Muses. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial.Within the arts, music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art. There is also a strong connection between music and mathematics. To many people in many cultures, music is an important part of their way of life. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones tenacious horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as the harmony of the spheres and it is music to my ears point to the notion that music is often ordered and swee t to listen to.However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, There is no noise, only sound. Musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez summarizes the relativist, post-modern viewpoint The border between music and noise is always culturally definedwhich implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place in short, there is rarely a consensus By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be. Chapter III How can music affect your life?A. Theories of Forgetting There are two theories of forgetting widely accepted. First is Disuse Theory which suggests that forgetting is due to gradual dissolution or disruption in time of neurophysiological correlates of whatever is learned. Conversely, retention is what is left Buxton, 1991. The other focuses on the tuition process when interferences may arise, be it before, during, and after learning. tour the ory states the mechanics for forgetting one memory is forgotten because another item interferes with the memory of it Edwards, 1972.And the first major kind of interference is Retroactive Inhibition (wrightsman et. al. , 1979). In here on the material learned earlier see table 2. 1. Table 1. Experimantal Design for research on Retroactive Inhibition. Groups pegleg 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Experimental Learn A Learn B Recall A Control Learn A Learn B Recall A Source Wrightsam et. al. , 1979. The problem here is to determine for the experimental group whether learning material B retoactively inhibities the recall of material A. The control group must rest in stage 2. B.Music and Related Findings In a holistic view, educators found the importance of music to the childs learning curriculum. In education, one encourages the child to use music as a means of expressing a feeling which is difficult to verbalize, simply because of the many values and rejoicing it has to offer. Music is another meaningful aspects of life to study. Musical experiences are worthwhile. All contribute to a childs growth. They tell that it is, at the same time an art which is related to many areas of life Raebeck and Lawrence, 1972.Psychological characteristics of the child found to relate to musical experiences include a more logical thinking-reasoning, tendency towards extravaganza memory, and interest in doing well. Music can serve a purpose. A prime example of this is that music is used to set mood, establish the character of a person in a play, express emotion quickly, and variety, interest and color to the program, and give opportunities for individual and group participation Raebeck and Lawrence, 1972.Music is mentally stimulating and challenge it awakens one to a sense of form, order, rhythm, texture, and symbolism. Moreover, deep musical experience is characterized by an alert mind Dunningham, 1989. C. Memory and Related Studies Studies had been conducted like that of the Differenti al Effect of triumph and Failure on Memory Retrieval Tambura, 1992, which exudes that learning is affected by some factors which are emotional in nature, that emotional experiences such as succes and disappointment have some effects on memory retrieval.Another is the effect of amazement on retention among MSU-College Students Derige, 1988. Her findings suggest that there are psychosocial aspects like embarrassment that have direct bearing on learning. Chapter IV History of music Classical music, as we use it on this site, essentially includes thousands of years of time. This area basically describes the history of classical music. When we speak of classical music, we are talking of the western influence. We arent talking about the ancient eastern music of the asian continent.Classical music can be organized in a variety of ways. This section divides music into six historical periodsMedieval,Renaissance,Baroque, Classical,Romanticand theContemporary. Each period is briefly descri bed. and includes a list of important composers, some song files provided by our generous sponsors, an option to buy some recordings, and recommended recordings. Also, there is an organized layout which we used to organize information on this site. Wed like to thank Classical Insites for helping us acquire sound files and information of these periods.Most of the information included in this site was from my notes after fetching two years of music theory in high school. To learn more about any of these time periods, please contact a music theorist specializing in the specific time period you would like to know about. Chapter V Advantages and Disadvantages Disadvantages-People who hate a genre ofmusicand condemn other people for liking it. Thats gotta be the lamest thing to me. Bashing other peoples music. very one has been born with his brain blank he could work with his brain the way he likes but music activates the dou side in us as it draws lines and tracks for our mind and body to work on to make it closer to your brain imagine like u were free to move any where in the 360 degree of space but when u lestin to music u can only see the lines and tracks that music move for you so every action u do is less performance and we feel that we need to listen to more music to have more lines to paseo in even we had all the 360 degree for us from the start A major disadvantage of music in todays society is that a large legal age of popular musicians are making and selling their music for no reason other than to make money. Ill define popular more clearly- almost anything on a top hits chart, a lot of music played on commercial radio, bands that have their name on walmart t-shirts, etc.There are of course always exceptions to this, but most of these bands and musicians dont make music because its a way of expressing yourself and communicating with others they present themselves and their music because they want to make money. Giant record labels arent signing bands because they think theyre really talented and make great music, theyre signing bands that will be easily marketed to an audience bands that will sell the most Cds downloads, t-shirts, and concert tickets. Luckily, for those of us who can not stand the top 40 hits that get played over and over and over on the radio, there exists independent musicians, bands, labels, radio stations, etc. Chapter VI Effect of music on memory retrieval in your lifeMemory is a mental system that receives, stores, organized, alters and recovers information from sensory input Coon, 1997. Research has shown memory to be affected by many different factors. One of these factors is music, which has been found to stimulate parts of the brain. Many studies have demonstrated that music enhances the memory of Alzheimers and dementia patients. Music has also been found to reduce stress, aid relaxation and alleviate depression. This experiment placed 60 subjects into three different conditions based on the independe nt variable of music. The three types of the independent variable were The Seasons Spring Movement by Haydn, Holier Than Thou by Metallica and white noise.Each group visually studied a picture for 30 seconds with their specific music or noise in the background. After 30 seconds the picture was taken away and the music or noise was turned off. The groups then filled out a questionnaire about their memories for the picture. There was not a significant interaction found between the type of music or noise played and memory recall. However, the white noise group made the least amount of memory errors while the Haydn group made the most. These results contrast a lot of the research on the effects of music on memory. Much research states that music, especially classical, enhances the storage and recall of memory.There were some limitations to this experiment. Noise outside of the testing area was not controlled for. Also, subjects may have talked to one another about the questionnaire whil e filling it out. Further research may explain why the results of this experiment contrast much of the published research on the effects of music on memory. Conclusions The study was designed to research whether there is an effect of music as an interference during the time of learning on memory retention. The research sample consisted to website and a book. It tooks a several months to goal this term paper. This topic chosen to me was not being easy to completed but still I strived hard to finished it.Actually, there are some times that I am being weak for this but for the help of my mother, father, sister, brothers and friends I achieved to finished it. Bibliography Atkinson, Rita L. , Atkinson, Richard C. , and Hilgard, Ernest R. Introduction to Psychology 8th ed. New York Hardcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. , 1983. Bagar, Robert and Biacondilli, Louis. The concert Companion A Comprehensive Drive to Symphonic Music. London Mc Graw Hill Book Company, Inc. 1974. Beauchamp, kenneth L. , Bruce, Richarcd L. , and Matheson, Douglas. Current Topics in Experimental Psychology, New York Dell Publishing, 1985. Broadsky, Howard. The artistic production of Listening Developing Musical Perceptions. Harper and Raw, 1970. Chaplin, Edward C. Dictionary of Psychology. 2nd ed. New York Dell publishing, 1985.

Discussion

Violating my copyright privileges is definitely non a good thing. I am all for sharing music. If music was non sh bed, some of the little acts would never be recognized. As for my scenario my employment and income is based off of music sales. In this case I am not okay with it. The Fair Use Act seeks to protect stack from others reproducing their content without consent.By people sharing my music they atomic number 18 violating the fair use act cause I did not egest this music a appearance for unaffixed in the first place.. The reduction in my profits is a indefinable thing. I am not sure how to stop copyright infringement. There really is no way to stop people from sharing music unless we make it much affordable. This similarly hurts the artist who is signed to a record label. The record label takes a percentage of sales for promoting and distri anding the material.If we could aka music available digitally that laughingstock help reduce the cost of an album. It eliminates packaging and shipping. There really ar no legal remedies to copy In my opinion. By suing fans you will create a bad name and make people not want to purchase your material. It is hard to sue e genuinelyone as wholesome. Some people raftnot be caught. All we basin do Is find a sassy way to deliver music that will not be able to be copied and distrisolelyed. Tunes Is a great example.DiscussionMany papers have been writing on the subject of exploitation of the poor by multinationals and there is no easy answer or solvent to satisfy both sides economists and ethicists are continuously debating on the back of the increasing expectations from the consumer population for firms, to behave socially and environmentally responsibly. The Economist Approach The gentleman of business is no romance it is a place dwell with various stakeholders and the survival and long-term success of an men is dependent on meeting the needs of these stakeholders.Friedmans free market school of thought from the ass is still relevant today the key role of a business is to satisfy the needs of these stakeholders (Penn. 2009). As a CEO, I would justify my global strategy very simply doing business with the bottom Of the economic pyramid (BOP) is part of the global strategy of any MEN and ignoring this segment would be a failure on my part to my primary stakeholders.While the billions of people in the world who survive on $2 a day may seem to have little purchasing power, the sheer number of these individuals makes up a potential market of trillions of dollars as disposable income as suggested by Parallax and Hart (2002). With a little vision to the not so far future, it is easy to imagine that as developing economies become transient economies, these billions of people move up the income distribution ladder and swell the ranks of the lower- philia and middle income tiers (Parallax,C.K. 2005). In emerging markets, the BOP has needs as much as the top of the pyramid but they do not h ave the same income, therefore I would adopt different distribution, packaging and price tragedies for that specific segment. The Ethicist Approach As a businesswoman, I would want to keep a infrangible ethical reputation and as a CEO, I would want my firm to keep a unafraid ethical brand image and not be seen to be exploitative.While my primary role would be the hobbyhorse of economic performance, acting socially and environmentally responsible would not have to be contradictory as part of my strategy planning. Porter and Kramer (2006) have argued that a firms social responsibility initiatives must be reorient with its overall strategic direction to be truly effective, that is, profitable. When planning my strategy for doing business with the BOP, I would run across that managers of all levels in the company are truly aligned with the CARS values. Loud figure that the decision-making process when considering unconnected Direct Investment (FED) would not just be driven by the economical outcome but also by the ethical attitude and practices of the country receiving the investment. The long-term effect of investing in countries twisty with corruption for example would both me as person and would not fit with the corporate image and profile, would bank my firm would want to achieve.Therefore, in my view, conducting business in a responsible way, socially and environmentally, with the BOP fag deliver on the triple bottom line and exploiting that segment of the pyramid does not mean the exploiting the people in it.DiscussionOrganizational management is a variety of tools and assets that must be managed well in secern to be successful. Patients are our number one stakeholder in wellness care and health care is a business that requires a strategic mindset to steer a health care facility not only in profitability but also in innovation to keep up with new medicines and technology.Having a strategic mindset not only look at the present but also looks at th e past for mistakes that as a health care manager can learn from to ensure those stakes will not happen again, but also looks abroad to the competition and future projects which can bolster opportunities to capture more patients for the facility. The key elements of organizational strategy, according to Patrice Spats and Stanley Abraham IS, It requires identifying who its competitors are and how it might best them. It marrow accurately identifying its consumers and knowing what they want.It entails determining whether it can produce the kinds of services consumers want to buy, whether it has the people and organizational social organization to make it all happen, and, most important, how to make a profit when all is said and done. (Spats, & Abraham, 2013, peg. 1. 4) These key elements are in direct relationship with a strategic mindset because these are the blueprint to be successful in healthcare. Profits is a key element at the end of the day is what matters, yes we want to re sume diseases and help as many people as we can but if you have no bills to find those initiatives than unfortunately you will become bankrupt.Everybody has the capacity to learn traits to become a successful health care manager but you have to have the motivation and drive to learn these traits. There are many resources to help and guide you to develop a strategic mind but you have to be motivated to take the time and learn and develop those traits.DiscussionPlease use as a basis for your discussion the avocation question Do you think the events of this chapter (Chapter 2) are isolated instances of business malfeasance, or are they systemic throughout the business world? I dont think events in Chapter 2 are isolated instances of business malfeasance. From the cases of Enron, Arthur Andersen and World, its easy to find some similarities.All of them focused on short-term revenue and snub the long-term development and companies integrity and reputation all of them couldnt successfu lly solve the interest conflict surrounded by people on the top and current and respective shareholders. For companies, the main goal and theme is to make more profit in general. A stably raising stock price satisfies the board of directors as well as attracts investors to make investment.To achieve this goal, there are two ways to go one is noticeing all the audit and accounting ethics when directing the company, which may be slow but unchanging and beneficial in long term another one Is cheating and walking on the bare(a) of ethics, which can make a lot revenue In short term but prohibits the companys well-preserved development in the future. Obviously, companies In those cases In Chapter 2 chose the second way. However, I can hardly assign that they are symmetric problem In the business world.Although there are some bad apples In the tree, there are more companies which aim to long-term healthy development and obey rules and regulations. I jeer with Currants opinion that t here Is a give and take relationship on both sides of companies and investors. The two-side relationship urges companies to follow their policies within ethics, especially In current world where there are more Acts to regulate fashion of corporations as well as technology and Internet makes Information more transparent.

Food Important Aspect In Our Lives Essay

fodder an important aspect in our lives has always been affected by the way we distribute it. With proper impart we will be satisfied by our actions we will all either benefit or loose. In the howevert that in that respect is viands shortage followed by poor distribution of whatever is available it leads to unconquerable starvings and buttocks lead to remnant. In December 27, 2002 Mason Booth a Red Cross arrangement staff writer wrote and I quote on that point is nonhing growing. Looking around the entire shoot d stimulate is dry and barren.We exclusively suffer enough intellectual nourishment for the nearly dreadedly affected people How many more are going to die until we have enough to feed you all? From the cross instruction further we find out that the famishment at large takes from lack of food situation. From this example of the report we discover that shortage is a situation of chronic famishment and death. Like the conditions in Malawi, though several( prenominal) factors contribute to the situations are unrivaled and most(prenominal) important primary reason was a prolonged drouth that withered harvests hence resulting to vast food shortages.The regions conditions at that moment were the worst, in the Southern Africa. Not only does the weather conditions affect productivity other factors have at large contributed to this situation. For instance, we get to know how famine is fueled by the HIV/ back up pandemic. In this region where at that moment HIV/ help prevalence rates were the highest and some countries more than 30% of the adult population was infected. It impacted on certificate where even if its a rainy season there is no good in preparation, nurturing and harvest-tide because there is no body to do this.There is also the question the rising demand for food between the population growth rates and death rate. There is more demand for food than the issue rate or supplies potentiometer meet. In most cases natural calamit ies also are causes of famine and starvation as it is unfolded. 4Eugene lime tree, The Winds of Change Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations. (New York Simon & Schuster, 2006 58-67). Despite progress in taking up the right rubber measures the dire social and stinting consequences are for a fragile nation-state felt in all aspects of life. 7(Poku, Nana and Whiteside Alan.The political Economy of support in Africa Africas silent crisis / Nana K. Poku AIDS-related famine in Africa questioning assumptions and developing frameworks / Alex de Waal ethnical hazards facing young people in the era of HIV/AIDS specificity and change / Carolyn Baylies HIV/AIDS the , New York Publishing, Ltd. , 2004 38). We know that without food there is no peace of the mind hence many of the crises around. There is no end in sight to global food shortages and multiple crises from climate changes and energy and peeing scarcity. This has always intensified. 2William A. Dando, The Geography of Famine. (Haven V. H.Winston, 1980 147-148) With the worlds population growing towards 9 billion by division 2050 demand for food is forecasted to rise to approximately 110% spread over the same period and beyond. At the same time due to global warming it has a negative impact in to the supplement of fresh pissings that are available to humans and for the crops. Poverty is also a factor to pick up because of the developing world where people can not access or obtain adequate foodal food for their families. Economically the constant securing of food consumes valuable time and energy of the people hence allowing slight time to increase their productivity.1Lisa Cliggett, Grains from stack Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa, (Washington, D. C Cornell University Press, 2005). (97-99) With reference to the Asian, African and Latin American countries an approximate of 500 cardinal people under what the cosmea Bank describes as direct poverty. In addition the breakdown i n distribution mechanisms of food has also contributed at large. War situations have been a major factor. Citing an example of North Africa and Middle East its evident that war rupture areas suffer greatly from shortages of food which eventually leads to famine and starvation.For instance massive human rights abuses in Sudan and most parts in that region have been reported as the major cause of famine. It is estimated that three million Sudanese food securities was destroyed by civil war and drought any they eventually became sufferers to this crisis. collectable to human displacement, there are no serious agricultural activities and productivity reduces due to shift of counselling in productivity to war. To date and more than two decades of civil clash and three social classs of frightful drought, Sudan is still teetering on the brink of a severe food crisis.While the food stocks deteriorate and water boreholes drying up the conflict shows no signs of recovery. Countries are c rippled by civil wars, drought, poverty, forced migrations, debt and poverty, forced migrations, debt and poverty. This in general has reduced the productivity rate due to labor shortages, volatile national security, erosion of the economic family bases and massive and insupportable demands on wellness and public services. 6Sorokin, Pitirim. Man and Society in Calamity The do of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social constitution and Culture Life. Toronto E. P Dutton, 1942.46-52). Moreover, using the example of Tibet during 1960-62 as a result of the Chinese invasion of 1950. There was food crisis. This is as a result of increase in the population and the changes imposed on Tibetan traditional agricultural production systems. The socio economic conditions in most regions or continent did not favor the Tibetians as a result of the Chinese government invasion. 3Frances, Joseph and stopcock, World Hunger 12 Myths, (Chicago Earthscan, 1998 43-62) The Ch inese Authority on their urge to develop Tibet economically required the peasants to bewilder crops to wheat, which never grew at 1200 feet height.As a result Tibetans died between 1959 -1961 as a result of tenacious starvation. Failure of entitlements is a major cause of food crisis. For incidence as a result of Chinese invasions there were no humane relations due to Chinese policies. Although the traditional feudal system in Tibet seemed archaic to the Chinese who wanted to modernize the country and get use of it, it was in harmony with their environment. Resources can be scarce but famine and starvation can never be hard take if there are good distribution systems. The desire of the Chinese to wipe out the Tibet people be to in equal distribution of food and resources.Citing another example of the My Lai Massacre that in the war in Vietnam. If compared to developing countries, at the moment developing countries are starving to death and the developed countries are get worri ed of which kind of food should they buy or not, whether to eat or not. However, notable facts are that starvation results from both lack of food and from a continuous breakdown of distribution mechanisms. 4(Eugene Linden 194) Malnutrition and under nutrition which are the symptoms of starvation are generally caused by poverty.Globally if we compare massive surplus exists in Europe and the United States piece the developing worlds have nothing. It is note able that there is lack of a proper distribution channel or mechanism. Developed countries have proper markets and produce high yields for their markets while developing countries agriculture is lacking from untreated diseases, food shortage, bad hygiene low capital and income inputs. This calls for a concern in the ways of productivity. 5Ronald E. Seavoy. Famine in East Africa nutrient Production and Food Policies, (Washington, D.C Greenwood Press, 1989. (82-84) Special attention has to be paid to the importance of increasing fo od production and productivity and yield more clear distribution mechanisms without being bookled on other guidelines so as food can be made available affordable and quality. This in conclusion is to say the developed countries must succeed economic goals without the current levels of unacceptable environmental damage to themselves and other nations. Starvation resulted from both the lack of food and breakdown in distribution due to prevailing circumstantial situations.Further more, from history in Ireland between1845-1852 what in the modern world is called the great starvation of Ireland. Though the people of Ireland have suffered many hardships none could be compared to the devastation brought by the Irish potato famine. The disaster in the badly managed land was caused by the supremely wicked climate that the country was experiencing during that time, which had been fuelled by a mixture of social, political and the economic factors pushing it to the end. 4((Eugene Linden 196). The intentional by use of phytophora infestans from Europe and America led to these destructions.((Eugene Linden 199). The following winter became intolerable for the already starving nation. The warranty of warmer air brought around by the westerly winds failed letting severe environmental conditions from Scandinavia and Russia and the severe cold failed, letting severe cold conditions from Scandinavia and Russia surpass the Ireland Island. Bad weather had its own share of bad effects ranging from malnutrition freezing temperatures aided in the spread of disease and ultimately death among the nation of Ireland. Diseases, starvations all contributed to more loss of manpower thus a reduction in productivity.3(Frances, and Peter ,202-205) Death toll was on the higher side thus it was never recorded and the estimated number of deaths resulting from starvation was only estimated to be 1. 5 million people. Lack of proper medical administration and crop diseases control had resulted to this loss where mechanisms of distribution production have failed. This resulted to rise in the mortality rate up to 50% if there are no people who are going to be productive in future. This room there is no continuality hence more food shortages combining with other factors it would lead to starvation.During this disastrous time, the ancestor of the starvation are said to be a biometeorological phenomenon. Developed countries like the British government who were judge to look upon the matter were slow and insignificant to no response. The economic policies that existed were unhelpful and the British parliament refused to make adjustments to provide for a national disaster. No food was offered to the starving people as along as there was food for sale. The economic polices that existed were unhelpful and the British parliament refused to make adjustment to provide for a national disaster.The relief food aid supplies from other countries could not feed their destination for the s hips carrying them were intercepted before they could reach the badly hit situations. It emerged that there were divisions among Christians where Catholics were condemned by the peasants who had been forced to do so by the Protestants and could therefore not get food. Others were died of starvation due to water retention and lack of adequate nutrition. During this time of poor health living conditions promoted spread of diseases and all efforts were halted to finance improvements in long term seed distribution.Food terminal entitlement was denied for the Irelands. Death rate during these predicaments had increased making the situations worse and by this time many had fled their country though came some kind of relief, and by this time another winter had come and gone, but in the year 1851 the famine subsided though majority remained at high risk. Social economic and political factors are that there were many repressive society conditions under which the Irish peasants were forced t o hire with and as a result became dependant on one single source.Under colonialist each item that could be affordable became passing expensive. ((Eugene Linden 202). Conclusion If the two major factors are combined using the various cited examples they are results to starvation and lead to other human death related conditions that cannot be avoided. In any case circle from one situation may change and could breakdown distribution channels of food or even land of proper healthcare. I feel that all factors and circumstances lead to one another with one result at the end. We should always watch our impacts in order to achieve a stable economy.BIBLIOGRAPHY Cligget, Lisa. Grains from Grass Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa, Washington, D. CCornell University Press, 2005. Dando, William A. The Geography of Famine. Haven V. H. Winston, 1980. Lappe, Francis M. , Collins, Peter and Rosset, Peter. World Hunger 12 Myths, Chicago Earthscan, 1998. Linden, Eugene. The Winds of Change C limate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations. New York Simon & Schuster, 2006. Seavoy, Ronald E. Famine in East Africa Food Production and Food Policies, Washington, D. C Greenwood Press, 1989.Sorokin, Pitirim. Man and Society in Calamity The Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization and Culture Life. Toronto E. P Dutton, 1942. Poku, Nana and Whiteside Alan. The Political Economy of AIDS in Africa Africas silent crisis / Nana K. Poku AIDS-related famine in Africa questioning assumptions and developing frameworks / Alex de Waal Cultural hazards facing young people in the era of HIV/AIDS specificity and change / Carolyn Baylies HIV/AIDS the , New York Publishing, Ltd. , 2004

Egypt and Mesopotamia Essay

Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from keister to 3,500 B.C. The governmental and social structures in these civilizations were varied and the same in their own way. The political differences surrounded by Egypt and Mesopotamia include hierarchy power, land visit, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and fagots. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political and social structures. Egypt had much of authorial government, where atomic number 53 head soul was in charge which in this berth was the pharaoh, which was the head on Egypt social class, as well as leader of his society. The Pharaoh was basic all in ally a king ruling for his people, while Mesopotamia, had city states, which was controlled by priest kings.Another difference is that in Egypt the Pharaoh had complete control over the land, while in Mesopotamia the king s were not so powerful, and the land was split with others such as priest kings. Lastly, Egypt had a centralized government, while Mesopotamia did not have this. Egypt was ruled under one leader and was unitedly as a unity. Egypt had an overall leader such as the Pharaoh, which helped Egypt stay united as one government and civilization. Key similarities would be that they both had poly gods and many of their gods were very brutal. Both the lands were birthed in war and had some(prenominal) cultural strife for land. Mesopotamia had an all mighty ruler of gods and Egyptians really didnt. Many people say Ra was the almighty sun god of Egyptian culture but really all of Egypts gods were round equal.The idea of what is beautiful and what is considered manly is still held upon Egyptian beliefs, not Mesopotamian beliefs. Very different cultures Egypt developed in relative isolation from the rest of the ancient Near East. Thus, cultural evolution resulted in a completely unique civiliz ation, without influence from the outside. Mesopotamia was a multicultural society, with Sumer and Akkad, Elam and Babylon, Assyria, Mitanni, and others all vying for supremacy. Mesopotamia and Egypt were both in flood basins of major rivers. Mesopotamia was characterized by turmoil and tension and in contrast Egypt was characterized by stability and serenity. The Mesopotamian climate was harsh and since the Tigris and the Euphrates flooded irregularly, constitution was not viewed as life enhancing but rather considered to be a threat.Mesopotamia was located on an open air plain without protection from foreign intrusions therefore theywere continually on alert. Differences between the religions is the idea of death and resurrection for all people, including common people, was possible in ancient Egypt, but not generally so in Mesopotamian religions. beforehand(predicate) on in Egyptian history, only the king, or pharaoh, could resurrect from the dead and lead forever. That is why the Egyptians mummified their dead. Later, level off the common man wanted his body to be preserved as a home for the spirit, who would live on in the afterlife. This was not possible for the average Mesopotamian. Egyptian religion was less likely to be influenced by the outside world. Mesopotamia is at the crossroads of many different peoples and cultures.Changes in the Mesopotamian religions was much more likely, and more common, than in Egypt. Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political and social structures. Egypt and Mesop otamia believed in polytheistic, but the Mesopotamia they believed in many rulers such as ur-nammu and sargon ant ect but they Egyptians believed in the pharaoh he was the only person in charge over everything.